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The Carbon Loss Register

The record

The loss table, version 1.1.

The register's events as rates. Every cell carries its numerator and denominator by name and value, its as-at date, its source hash and a coverage flag; every count over a population carries an exact binomial 95 per cent interval under a superpopulation reading, every tonne-weighted share says that it is a population figure and carries none, and a stratum whose source records no loss state says so instead of showing a zero. Four programmes: the California compliance table (complete), the Australian scheme (complete), the voluntary market as Berkeley VROD records it (partial, cumulative, undated), and the open derivative's cancellations (candidates, cause not stated). Built by the engine from the anchored layers and laid on the ledger at sequence 208, witnessed twice. The headline strata are here; the full table with 319 cells is the download, and version one of 4 September stands beside it.

Version 1.1Built 8 September 2026319 cellsLedger root f8276a1f
Also at/register/From edition six's layers
5.08%
California projects with a loss event
33 of 649 · interval 3.53 to 7.07
2.91%
of California issuance reversed unintentionally
8,539,304 of 293,101,089 credits
24.75%
of the forest buffer contributed, retired
8,967,106 of 36,228,767 · as at 2025-12-09
2.30%
Australian projects with a relinquishment
21 of 913 · interval 1.43 to 3.49
0.76%
Voluntary projects with a recorded reversal
46 of 6,016 · VROD v2026-06, cumulative
76.40%
of voluntary reversal tonnes borne by buffer pools
14,300,066 of 18,716,241 · the rest fell on holders or projects

How to read it. A frequency is k of n projects and is the kind of number a reader will treat as evidence about the future, so it carries an exact binomial interval under a superpopulation reading: recorded proportions over the stated window, with the projects in the cell treated as exchangeable draws from the population of projects like them. The interval excludes under-reporting and dependence between projects sharing a fire or a programme, so it is a floor on the uncertainty, not the whole of it; a wide interval on a small stratum is the table telling you what that stratum can and cannot say. A share is tonnes over tonnes from a complete file and carries no sampling interval, because one would be a coherent-looking number with no meaning. A stratum whose source records no loss state reads "no loss records; rate not estimable under this coverage", with its project count kept as context, because a zero from a source that cannot report a loss is an absence of reporting, not an absence of loss. Coverage is stated per programme: complete for the two compliance schemes, partial for the voluntary market, candidate for cancellations whose cause no row states. Nothing here is a score, a rating or an opinion about any project.

California, the compliance programme

CARB issuance workbook, sha256 59be0de2 · complete

The one programme that publishes a complete, structured loss table. Reversal and invalidation columns are negative in the workbook; magnitudes are used. Who bore the loss is read from the workbook's own two retirement columns: buffer pool retired, and retired for intentional reversal, which the operator replaces. No loss by vintage: 34 of the 41 loss rows carry no vintage and no issuance, because reversals are booked on their own rows, so the stratum is not derivable from this file and is not approximated.

All projects

649 projects with issuance · two readings of the buffer, both published
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
all projectsProjects with any reversal or invalidation5.08%33 / 6493.53 to 7.07
Projects with an unintentional reversal1.39%9 / 6490.64 to 2.62buffer pool
Unintentional reversal tonnes over credits issued2.91%8,539,304 / 293,101,089population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Projects with an intentional reversal3.08%20 / 6491.89 to 4.72operator
Intentional reversal tonnes over credits issued1.24%3,634,831 / 293,101,089population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Projects with an invalidation0.77%5 / 6490.25 to 1.79not stated
Invalidated tonnes over credits issued0.05%134,083 / 293,101,089population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
Share of reversal tonnes borne by the buffer pool73.21%8,943,902 / 12,217,529population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Buffer retired over buffer contributed (workbook columns)24.23%8,943,902 / 36,916,018population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
forest buffer accountBuffer retired over buffer contributed (balance series)24.75%8,967,106 / 36,228,767population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
10 cellsCARB workbook of 26 August 2026; buffer series to 9 December 2025

By project type

Forest, Livestock, Mine methane capture, Ozone-depleting substances
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
ForestProjects with any reversal or invalidation16.97%28 / 16511.58 to 23.58
Projects with an unintentional reversal5.45%9 / 1652.52 to 10.10buffer pool
Unintentional reversal tonnes over credits issued3.71%8,539,304 / 230,106,914population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Projects with an intentional reversal12.12%20 / 1657.56 to 18.10operator
Intentional reversal tonnes over credits issued1.58%3,634,831 / 230,106,914population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Projects with an invalidation0.00%0 / 1650.00 to 2.21not stated
Invalidated tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 230,106,914population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
LivestockProjects with any reversal or invalidation2.72%4 / 1470.75 to 6.82
Projects with an unintentional reversal0.00%0 / 1470.00 to 2.48buffer pool
Unintentional reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 9,952,066population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Projects with an intentional reversal0.00%0 / 1470.00 to 2.48operator
Intentional reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 9,952,066population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Projects with an invalidation2.72%4 / 1470.75 to 6.82not stated
Invalidated tonnes over credits issued0.45%45,128 / 9,952,066population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
MMCProjects with any reversal or invalidation0.00%0 / 900.00 to 4.02
Projects with an unintentional reversal0.00%0 / 900.00 to 4.02buffer pool
Unintentional reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 26,164,213population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Projects with an intentional reversal0.00%0 / 900.00 to 4.02operator
Intentional reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 26,164,213population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Projects with an invalidation0.00%0 / 900.00 to 4.02not stated
Invalidated tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 26,164,213population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
ODSProjects with any reversal or invalidation0.40%1 / 2470.01 to 2.23
Projects with an unintentional reversal0.00%0 / 2470.00 to 1.48buffer pool
Unintentional reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 26,877,896population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Projects with an intentional reversal0.00%0 / 2470.00 to 1.48operator
Intentional reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 26,877,896population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Projects with an invalidation0.40%1 / 2470.01 to 2.23not stated
Invalidated tonnes over credits issued0.33%88,955 / 26,877,896population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
28 cellsCARB workbook, sha256 59be0de2

Early action against compliance offset projects

the workbook's own split
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
COPProjects with any reversal or invalidation5.83%31 / 5323.99 to 8.17
Unintentional reversal tonnes over credits issued3.18%8,539,304 / 268,913,172population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Invalidated tonnes over credits issued0.02%45,128 / 268,913,172population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
EAProjects with any reversal or invalidation1.71%2 / 1170.21 to 6.04
Unintentional reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 24,187,917population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Invalidated tonnes over credits issued0.37%88,955 / 24,187,917population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
6 cellsCARB workbook, sha256 59be0de2

Australia, the ACCU scheme

Clean Energy Regulator register, sha256 4c7259ea · CC BY 4.0 · complete

Relinquishment under a statutory notice or voluntarily; the operator replaces the units. Twenty-one projects, 258,848 units, dated from the register's own notes for twenty of them.

All projects

913 projects with ACCUs issued
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
all projectsProjects with a relinquishment2.30%21 / 9131.43 to 3.49operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.13%258,848 / 193,611,902population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
2 cellsCER register mirror of 31 August 2026

By method type

the register's own classification
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
AgricultureProjects with a relinquishment0.00%0 / 690.00 to 5.21operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.00%0 / 3,609,431population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Carbon CaptureProjects with a relinquishment0.00%0 / 10.00 to 97.50operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.00%0 / 1,403,427population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Energy EfficiencyProjects with a relinquishment5.88%2 / 340.72 to 19.68operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.37%13,907 / 3,747,775population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
FacilitiesProjects with a relinquishment0.00%0 / 10.00 to 97.50operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.00%0 / 1,057,545population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Industrial FugitivesProjects with a relinquishment0.00%0 / 110.00 to 28.49operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.00%0 / 3,201,571population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
Savanna Fire ManagementProjects with a relinquishment2.74%2 / 730.33 to 9.55operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.27%44,918 / 16,839,783population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
TransportProjects with a relinquishment0.00%0 / 20.00 to 84.19operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.00%0 / 168,114population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
VegetationProjects with a relinquishment2.46%14 / 5701.35 to 4.09operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.09%93,998 / 105,525,147population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
WasteProjects with a relinquishment1.97%3 / 1520.41 to 5.66operator
Units relinquished over units issued0.18%106,025 / 58,059,109population figure, no sampling intervaloperator
18 cellsCER register mirror of 31 August 2026

The voluntary market, as the Berkeley database records it

VROD v2026-06, sha256 6068c1bc · CC BY 4.0 · partial

Cumulative project stocks: the database records reversals covered by a buffer pool and reversals not covered, per project, with no date and no cause. The denominator is the database's own issued total. Coverage is the database's universe, not the market's, and its reversal columns are compiled by the database rather than taken directly from registry records; Verra publishes no buffer ledger of its own. Where those columns are zero for every project of a registry (Gold Standard, ART, Isometric) the registry's rows read not estimable rather than zero, because the database cannot tell a registry that had no reversal from one whose reversals it does not compile. Country strata under 25 projects are omitted as noise; they are in the download.

All projects

6,016 projects with credits issued
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
all projectsProjects with a recorded reversal0.76%46 / 6,0160.56 to 1.02
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.70%18,716,241 / 2,654,958,148.122population figure, no sampling interval
Share of reversal tonnes borne by the buffer pool76.40%14,300,066 / 18,716,241population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Buffer drawn over buffer deposited8.97%14,300,066 / 159,454,898.978population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
4 cellsBerkeley VROD v2026-06

By registry

ACR, ART, the Reserve, Gold Standard, Isometric, Verra
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
ACRProjects with a recorded reversal2.17%17 / 7841.27 to 3.45
Reversal tonnes over credits issued2.35%8,157,813 / 346,427,415population figure, no sampling interval
Share of reversal tonnes borne by the buffer pool83.53%6,813,968 / 8,157,813population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Buffer drawn over buffer deposited16.55%6,813,968 / 41,174,408population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
ARTProjects with a recorded reversalnot estimable0 / 4no loss records; rate not estimable under this coverage
Reversal tonnes over credits issuednot estimable0 / 60,059,284no loss records; rate not estimable under this coverage
Buffer drawn over buffer depositednot estimable0 / 3,644,366no loss records; rate not estimable under this coveragebuffer pool
CARProjects with a recorded reversal2.34%21 / 8961.46 to 3.56
Reversal tonnes over credits issued2.02%4,873,923 / 241,732,455population figure, no sampling interval
Share of reversal tonnes borne by the buffer pool36.96%1,801,593 / 4,873,923population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Buffer drawn over buffer deposited7.46%1,801,593 / 24,147,080population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
GOLDProjects with a recorded reversalnot estimable0 / 2,140no loss records; rate not estimable under this coverage
Reversal tonnes over credits issuednot estimable0 / 489,659,544no loss records; rate not estimable under this coverage
Buffer drawn over buffer depositednot estimable0 / 1,907,611no loss records; rate not estimable under this coveragebuffer pool
ISOProjects with a recorded reversalnot estimable0 / 24no loss records; rate not estimable under this coverage
Reversal tonnes over credits issuednot estimable0 / 111,734.122no loss records; rate not estimable under this coverage
Buffer drawn over buffer depositednot estimable0 / 3,228.978no loss records; rate not estimable under this coveragebuffer pool
VCSProjects with a recorded reversal0.37%8 / 2,1680.16 to 0.73
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.37%5,684,505 / 1,516,967,716population figure, no sampling interval
Share of reversal tonnes borne by the buffer pool100.00%5,684,505 / 5,684,505population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
Buffer drawn over buffer deposited6.42%5,684,505 / 88,578,205population figure, no sampling intervalbuffer pool
21 cellsBerkeley VROD v2026-06

By scope

the database's scope classification
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
AgricultureProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 3570.00 to 1.03
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 42,477,598.521population figure, no sampling interval
Carbon Capture & StorageProjects with a recorded reversal11.11%1 / 90.28 to 48.25
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%46 / 22,058,968population figure, no sampling interval
Chemical ProcessesProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 5450.00 to 0.67
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 184,903,378population figure, no sampling interval
Engineered RemovalProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 110.00 to 28.49
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 92,462.979population figure, no sampling interval
Forestry & Land UseProjects with a recorded reversal4.63%44 / 9503.39 to 6.17
Reversal tonnes over credits issued1.93%18,715,796 / 969,852,071population figure, no sampling interval
Household & CommunityProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 1,6950.00 to 0.22
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 320,419,020population figure, no sampling interval
Industrial & CommercialProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 3310.00 to 1.11
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 171,548,331population figure, no sampling interval
Renewable EnergyProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 1,6080.00 to 0.23
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 787,070,805population figure, no sampling interval
TransportationProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 650.00 to 5.52
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 2,188,751population figure, no sampling interval
Waste ManagementProjects with a recorded reversal0.22%1 / 4450.01 to 1.25
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%399 / 154,346,762.622population figure, no sampling interval
20 cellsBerkeley VROD v2026-06

By first vintage of the project

pre-2015, 2015 to 2019, 2020 onward
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
2015-2019Projects with a recorded reversal1.83%28 / 1,5261.22 to 2.64
Reversal tonnes over credits issued1.44%11,342,244 / 787,232,065population figure, no sampling interval
2020 onwardProjects with a recorded reversal0.22%5 / 2,2320.07 to 0.52
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.15%776,216 / 535,306,807.122population figure, no sampling interval
pre-2015Projects with a recorded reversal0.58%13 / 2,2580.31 to 0.98
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.50%6,597,781 / 1,332,419,276population figure, no sampling interval
6 cellsBerkeley VROD v2026-06

By country, 25 projects or more

smaller strata are in the download
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
BangladeshProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 1280.00 to 2.84
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 43,087,455population figure, no sampling interval
BrazilProjects with a recorded reversal0.61%1 / 1650.02 to 3.33
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.05%69,736 / 148,876,878.053population figure, no sampling interval
Burkina FasoProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 480.00 to 7.40
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 1,513,996population figure, no sampling interval
CanadaProjects with a recorded reversal3.85%1 / 260.10 to 19.64
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.18%25,296 / 13,696,841.713population figure, no sampling interval
ChinaProjects with a recorded reversal0.55%4 / 7270.15 to 1.40
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.19%491,163 / 258,297,104population figure, no sampling interval
ColombiaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 440.00 to 8.04
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 48,204,403population figure, no sampling interval
EritreaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 380.00 to 9.25
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 2,552,354population figure, no sampling interval
EthiopiaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 430.00 to 8.22
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 12,534,464population figure, no sampling interval
GermanyProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 450.00 to 7.87
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 10,514,136population figure, no sampling interval
HondurasProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 260.00 to 13.23
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 5,100,194population figure, no sampling interval
IndiaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 9610.00 to 0.38
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 410,711,348.523population figure, no sampling interval
IndonesiaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 260.00 to 13.23
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 98,082,568population figure, no sampling interval
KenyaProjects with a recorded reversal0.63%1 / 1590.02 to 3.45
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.06%48,837 / 85,495,429population figure, no sampling interval
MadagascarProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 590.00 to 6.06
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 14,959,281population figure, no sampling interval
MalawiProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 950.00 to 3.81
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 20,037,267population figure, no sampling interval
MexicoProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 3210.00 to 1.14
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 38,958,348population figure, no sampling interval
MozambiqueProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 480.00 to 7.40
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 4,128,289population figure, no sampling interval
NepalProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 960.00 to 3.77
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 6,743,351population figure, no sampling interval
NigeriaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 730.00 to 4.93
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 13,540,409population figure, no sampling interval
PeruProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 310.00 to 11.22
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 98,922,935population figure, no sampling interval
RwandaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 1400.00 to 2.60
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 22,534,441population figure, no sampling interval
South AfricaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 630.00 to 5.69
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 24,827,920population figure, no sampling interval
ThailandProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 710.00 to 5.06
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 20,609,816population figure, no sampling interval
TürkiyeProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 3030.00 to 1.21
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 150,258,843population figure, no sampling interval
UgandaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 1750.00 to 2.09
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 33,947,015population figure, no sampling interval
United StatesProjects with a recorded reversal2.61%38 / 1,4541.86 to 3.57
Reversal tonnes over credits issued2.23%13,031,736 / 585,065,062.210population figure, no sampling interval
Viet NamProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 850.00 to 4.25
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 35,363,924population figure, no sampling interval
ZambiaProjects with a recorded reversal0.00%0 / 350.00 to 10.00
Reversal tonnes over credits issued0.00%0 / 25,580,771population figure, no sampling interval
56 cellsBerkeley VROD v2026-06

Cancellations, a candidate rate

CarbonPlan OffsetsDB mirror, sha256 b02748dc · updates paused since 1 June 2026 · candidate

Cancellation transactions with the cause not stated on any row. A cancellation can be a reversal, an administrative correction or a compliance conversion, so this is a candidate rate and never a loss rate; it is here so the ceiling on what the derivative could hold is visible with its denominator.

By registry

ACR, ART TREES, the Reserve
StratumRateValueNumerator / denominatorExact binomial 95% interval, superpopulation readingBorne by
american-carbon-registryProjects with a cancellation transaction, cause not stated3.33%26 / 7812.19 to 4.84not stated
Credits cancelled over credits issued, cause not stated3.61%13,334,159 / 369,472,197population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
art-treesProjects with a cancellation transaction, cause not stated33.33%1 / 30.84 to 90.57not stated
Credits cancelled over credits issued, cause not stated0.12%71,100 / 58,963,403population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
climate-action-reserveProjects with a cancellation transaction, cause not stated2.01%18 / 8951.20 to 3.16not stated
Credits cancelled over credits issued, cause not stated0.49%1,242,728 / 252,097,510population figure, no sampling intervalnot stated
6 cellsOffsetsDB mirror of 31 August 2026

Provenance

Artefactloss-table-2026-09-08.csv, sha256 346332e3adbcf0f7, 319 cells, of which 40 not estimable. Built by kyroq-engine scripts/build_loss_table.py over kyroq/calc/loss_table.py; byte-deterministic; refuses on source drift. Version one (loss-table-2026-09-04.csv, sha256 9800b7b3b869f0f0, ledger sequence 147) stands as generated and differs only in the interval label and the not-estimable cells.
SourcesCARB issuance workbook 59be0de2 and buffer series; CER register 4c7259ea and the ACCU relinquishment layer; Berkeley VROD v2026-06 6068c1bc; OffsetsDB parquet mirror b02748dc. Each hashed at read time.
LedgerLayer laid at sequence 208; range sequence 1 to sequence 210 anchored at root f8276a1f58833bb0, witnessed by freetsa.org and DigiCert, 8 September 2026, 06:01 UTC. Recipe on the anchors page.
IntervalsExact binomial (Clopper-Pearson) 95 per cent on counts, read as a superpopulation interval that excludes under-reporting and dependence between projects; none on tonne-weighted shares, which are population figures; none on strata whose source records no loss state.
CitationKyroq, The Carbon Loss Register, the loss table version 1.1 (2026), https://kyroq.com/register/loss-table/, artefact sha256 346332e3. CC BY 4.0.
Downloadsloss-table-2026-09-08.csv, all 319 cells with every column; loss-table-2026-09-04.csv, version one as generated. CC BY 4.0.